Psychiatric illness can manifest in various ways, ranging from sudden and severe conditions such as panic attacks, hallucinations, and suicidal thoughts, to more chronic issues like persistent feelings of depression, hopelessness, or anxiety. These conditions may also lead to functional impairments, where everyday tasks become overwhelming or out of control.
Psychiatrists, due to their extensive medical training, are equipped to request a range of medical and psychological tests. These tests, alongside patient consultations, help build a comprehensive understanding of both physical and mental health. Psychiatrists diagnose mental illnesses, evaluate the results of various tests, create personalized treatment plans, and explore the complex relationships between emotional and medical conditions, including genetic and family history factors.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), outlines the symptoms, criteria, and diagnostic processes for mental illnesses. Specific diagnoses are determined based on the criteria set out in the DSM-5.
- Antidepressants – used to treat depression, panic disorder, PTSD, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, borderline personality disorder, and eating disorders.
- Antipsychotic medications – used to treat psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.
- Sedatives and anxiolytics – used to treat anxiety and insomnia.
- Hypnotics – used to induce and maintain sleep.
- Mood stabilizers – used to treat bipolar disorder.
- Stimulants – used to treat ADHD.
How Psychiatric Illness Develops
Psychiatrists use a variety of treatment methods, including psychotherapy, medication, brain stimulation therapies, and more. Recent research has also highlighted the role of gut health in mental well-being, emphasizing the connection between physical and mental health. Psychiatrists also benefit from a growing understanding of how nutrition, sleep, and exercise influence both mental and physical health.
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